Correction and Erratum Policy

The Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching (JLLLT) is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the published scholarly record. When errors are identified in a published article, the journal may publish a correction or erratum when appropriate.

Corrections are intended to ensure that the published record remains accurate while preserving the original scholarly contribution of the article.

1. Purpose of Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error in a published article affects the accuracy, clarity, completeness, or interpretation of the article but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions.

Corrections may address errors introduced by the authors, editors, or production process.

Examples may include:

incorrect author information;
errors in affiliations;
incorrect funding information;
errors in tables or figures;
typographical or formatting errors that affect meaning;
incorrect references or citations;
errors in data presentation;
minor errors in methodology or analysis that do not invalidate the main findings;
errors in supplementary materials.

2. Correction and Erratum

JLLLT uses the term Correction as the general term for amendments to published articles.

An Erratum may be used to describe an error introduced during the editorial or production process, such as a typesetting or formatting error.

Where an error originated from the authors, the journal may refer to the notice as a Correction.

The terminology used will depend on the nature and origin of the error.

3. Author-Initiated Corrections

Authors who identify an error in their published article should notify the Editorial Office as soon as possible.

The request should include:

article title;
article DOI or other publication information;
a description of the error;
the location of the error in the published article;
the proposed corrected text, table, figure, or other material;
an explanation of whether the error affects the findings or conclusions.

The Editorial Team will assess the request and determine the appropriate editorial action.

4. Editorially Identified Errors

Corrections may also be initiated by the Editor-in-Chief, editors, reviewers, readers, or other individuals who identify a significant error in a published article.

The Editorial Office will assess the reported error and may contact the authors for clarification or supporting information.

Where appropriate, the journal may consult reviewers, subject experts, or other editorial advisers before making a decision.

5. Correction Procedure

When a correction is approved, JLLLT will publish a Correction Notice that:

clearly identifies the original article;
provides the article title and bibliographic information;
identifies the error;
provides the corrected information;
explains the nature of the correction where necessary;
is permanently linked to the original article.

The correction notice will form part of the journal's permanent publication record.

Where technically and editorially appropriate, the online version of the article may also be updated to incorporate the correction. The journal will maintain a clear record of the correction and the date on which it was made.

6. Minor Errors

Minor typographical, grammatical, or formatting errors that do not affect the meaning, interpretation, or accuracy of the article may be corrected directly in the online version without publishing a formal Correction Notice.

The Editorial Team will determine whether an error is sufficiently significant to require a formal correction.

7. Errors Affecting Findings or Conclusions

If an error is identified that affects the interpretation, reliability, or conclusions of the article, the Editorial Team will assess whether a correction is sufficient.

Where the article remains fundamentally reliable and the error can be adequately corrected, a formal Correction Notice may be issued.

If the error substantially undermines the reliability of the article, the journal may instead consider an Expression of Concern or Retraction in accordance with the journal's Retraction, Withdrawal and Removal Policy.

8. Corrections to Authorship

Requests to correct authorship information after publication will be handled in accordance with the journal's Authorship Policy.

Changes to authorship require appropriate documentation and, where applicable, written agreement from all affected authors.

An authorship correction may be published when the Editorial Office determines that the change is justified and properly documented.

9. Corrections to Ethical or Disclosure Information

Corrections may also be issued when important information concerning:

ethical approval;
informed consent;
funding;
conflict of interest;
data availability;
artificial intelligence use; or
other relevant disclosures

was omitted or incorrectly reported in the published article.

Where such an omission raises concerns about research integrity, the journal may conduct an investigation before determining the appropriate action.

10. Correction of Supplementary Materials

Where errors occur in supplementary files, the journal may replace or update the affected material when appropriate.

The correction will be documented in the publication record, and the corrected supplementary material should be clearly identified where technically possible.

11. Expression of Concern

If the Editorial Office identifies substantial concerns about a published article but an investigation has not yet reached a final conclusion, the journal may publish an Expression of Concern.

An Expression of Concern may be used when:

serious allegations of research misconduct are being investigated;
the reliability of the research is uncertain;
an institutional investigation is pending;
substantial ethical concerns require further investigation.

An Expression of Concern does not itself constitute a retraction.

If the investigation subsequently establishes that the article is unreliable, the journal may issue a Retraction Notice.

12. Relationship with Retraction

A correction is appropriate when the published article remains fundamentally reliable and the identified error can be corrected without invalidating the overall scholarly contribution.

Retraction may be considered when errors or misconduct substantially undermine the reliability, integrity, or validity of the published work.

Retraction procedures are governed by the journal's Retraction, Withdrawal and Removal Policy.

13. Transparency of the Scholarly Record

JLLLT will maintain a transparent connection between correction notices and the original publication.

Correction notices should remain permanently accessible and linked to the corrected article.

The journal will not silently remove substantial errors from the published record where a formal correction is necessary.

14. Compliance

All correction decisions will be made in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics, Authorship Policy, Data Availability Policy, Human Research Ethics Policy, Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy, and Retraction, Withdrawal and Removal Policy, as applicable.

JLLLT follows internationally recognized publication ethics principles and aims to ensure that corrections are handled fairly, transparently, and consistently.

Contact

Authors, readers, reviewers, or other parties who identify a potential error in a published article may contact the JLLLT Editorial Office through the journal's official contact page.